In addition to Gigante, the show depicts Johnson crossing paths with larger-than life figures from the time period, including Malcolm X (Nigl Thatch) and Rev. Adam Clayton Powell Sr. was the pastor of the famous Abyssinian Baptist Church in Harlem. In February 1956 Powell appealed to President Dwight D. Eisenhower to support the Montgomery bus boycott and take responsibility forsafeguarding the lives, physical security and civil liberties of the 115 Negroes arrested for peaceably and nonviolently trying to obtain what the Constitution promises(Powell, 22 February 1956). He was a member of the YMCA, Republican Party, and fraternal organizations, including the Masons, Odd Fellows and Knights of Pythias.[21]. [20], In 1941, with the aid of New York City's use of the single transferable vote, Powell was elected to the New York City Council as the city's first black Council member. As a result, the Fair hired more black employees, increasing their numbers from about 200 to 732. But more important, Powell had something King could never hope to have: cold political power beyond that ever held by a . "[26] This principle would later become integrated into Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. 2023 TIME USA, LLC. Legal battles regarding slander ensued and Powell avoided court dates and spent more time living in Florida. Oct. 18, 202102:51. All Rights Reserved. [32], Powell was instrumental in passing legislation that made lynching a federal crime, as well as bills that desegregated public schools. Adam Clayton Powell 1956 - "In some way we'll have to get America back to its senses.", from a series of drawings documenting the 1956 Montgomery Bus Boycott, Montgomery, AL Skip to main content Related by See Also/See Also Conyers also suggested that cases of misconduct brought before the House of Representatives never exceed censure. Powell, who died in 1972 at age 63, was the first African-American elected to Congress from New York and is remembered as a prominent civil rights activist, ladies man and preacher at the. Adam Clayton Powell Jr. (November 29, 1908 - April 4, 1972) [1] was an American Baptist pastor and politician who represented the Harlem neighborhood of New York City in the United States House of Representatives from 1945 until 1971. He called for his colleagues to stand against colonialism and celebrated the independence of nations in the formerly colonized world. In the film's most humorous scene, a re-enactment of an actual event, he pursues a racist Southern legislator who refuses to sit next to a . Elises addiction strengthens Johnsons resolve to take over the narcotics trade in Harlem from the Italians. Martin Luther King Jr. of having a homosexual relationship with Bayard Rustin unless the marches were canceled. . In 1963, Johnson returned home to Harlem and was greeted by a parade. nip/tuck actor dies; bts reaction to your child not letting you kiss; gerald t pearson jr foundation; hand raised birds for sale tasmania; california cemetery and funeral bureau license lookup in religious education from Columbia University. [41][42], Powell divorced again, and in 1960 married Yvette Flores Diago from Puerto Rico. He clashed with the many segregationists from the South in his party. The show does accurately portray the dangers of interracial dating in the early 60s. American general and politician who served as chairman . [17] "Mass action is the most powerful force on earth," Powell once said, adding, "As long as it is within the law, it's not wrong; if the law is wrong, change the law. [18]. Adam Clayton Powell Jr. was excluded by the House in 1966. or 404 526-8968. Clay meets with Malcolm X to discuss his decision to go public with his Islamic faith but is told by the activist to keep his religion secret until he is the heavyweight champ because he could be denied a boxing license. Adam Clayton Powell equals Martin Luther King in magnetism, in intellect. Adam Clayton Powell IV's half-nephew, who is eight years his junior, is also named Adam Clayton Powell IV and is a materials scientist. The Institute cannot give permission to use or reproduce any of the writings, statements, or images of Martin Luther King, Jr. [2] When under scrutiny by the press and other members of Congress for personal conducthe had taken two young women at government expense with him on overseas travelhe responded: I wish to state very emphatically that I will always do just what every other Congressman and committee chairman has done and is doing and will do. [2], In January 1967, the House Democratic Caucus stripped Powell of his committee chairmanship. The status of legal proceedings to which Mr. Powell was a party in the State of New York and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico with particular reference to the instances in which he has been held in contempt of court; and 3. Powell was elected as a Democrat and defeated Republican candidate Sara Pelham Speaks to represent the Congressional District that included Harlem. He had also been diagnosed with cancer and his condition declined significantly after the loss. His fair skin made it easy for him to avoid racial barriers at Colgate University. Biographer Hamilton described the NAACP as "the quarterback that threw the ball to Powell, who, to his credit, was more than happy to catch and run with it. Adam Clayton Powell (May 5, 1865[1][2] June 12, 1953) was an American pastor who developed the Abyssinian Baptist Church in Harlem, New York as the largest Protestant congregation in the country, with 10,000 members. [44][45] Yvette Diago admitted to the committee that she had been on the Congressional payroll of her former husband, Adam Clayton Powell Jr., from 1961 until 1967, although she had moved back to Puerto Rico in 1961. [5] In 1860 Sallie was living with her mother Maildred, aunt Mary, and large family, including her grandmother Hannah; all the family were free mulattoes. [6][7] Powell wrote in his autobiography that his mother never told him who his father was. [40], After their divorce, in 1945, Powell married the jazz pianist and singer Hazel Scott. "Hook-Powell-Moorman Farm": Historic Nomination Form, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adam_Clayton_Powell_Sr.&oldid=1145784452, The story of the Powell family is retold in the radio drama ", This page was last edited on 20 March 2023, at 23:55. In 1960, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. planned a demonstration at the Democratic National Convention. In the summer of 1960, Powell threatened to tell the press that King was involved in a homosexual affair with Rustin unless King called off plans to demonstrate at the upcoming Democratic National Convention. Occupation: Politician, civil rights activist, pastor Born: November 29, 1908 in New Haven, Connecticut Died: April 4, 1972 in Miami, Florida Parents: Mattie Fletcher Schaffer and Adam Clayton Powell, Sr. He made speeches on the House Floor to celebrate the anniversaries of the independence of nations such as Ghana, Indonesia, and Sierra Leone. Most notably, his record took a hit when he presented faulty intelligence to the United Nations that led to the Iraq War. His charisma combined with his action forced Harlem Hospital and the 1939 Worlds Fair to hire or promote Black workers. This committee was appointed by the Speaker of the House. General Colin Powell (C), head of the US Joint Chiefs of Staff, tours the bombed courtyard of the Panamanian Defense Force Comandancia in Panama City to review US troops and receive a briefing on Operation Just Cause, the US invasion of Panama. During the Great Migration of blacks out of the rural South, thousands of blacks moved to New York and Harlem became the center of African American life in the city. Note: Documentation of origins was scarce for many slave and free black families. He challenged the Southern practice of charging Blacks a poll tax to vote. In 1961, after 16 years in the House, Powell became chairman of the Education and Labor Committee, the most powerful position held by an African American in Congress. Powell also led a fight to have drugstores operating in Harlem hire black pharmacists. In 1933, Powell married Isabel Washington (19082007), an African American singer and nightclub entertainer. Colleagues criticized him for mismanaging government funds and living an erratic lifestyle. He was the first African American to be elected to Congress from New York, as well as the first from any state in the Northeast. [12] The Encyclopaedia of African American History (2006) claims that Powell's father was Llewellyn Powell, and that he was of German descent. Select search scope, currently: catalog all catalog, articles, website, & more in one search; catalog books, media & more in the Stanford Libraries' collections; articles+ journal articles & other e-resources [4] However, his paternal grandmother, Sally Dunning, was at least the third generation of free people of color in her family. Here's a brief look back at what he was able to accomplish during his memorable life and career. Powell was reinstated, but without seniority. When his father retired in 1937, Powell became the new pastor of Abyssinian, ministering to a congregation of over 10,000 members. Neither he nor his legal counsel requested that the select committee summon any witnesses. The committee also found that Powell had committed numerous acts of financial misconduct. Powell was accused of misusing public funds to take trips abroad. Please contact Intellectual Properties Management (IPM), the exclusive licensor of the Estate of Martin Luther King, Jr., Inc. atlicensing@i-p-m.comor 404 526-8968. Malcolm X (Nigl Thatch) and Johnson (Forest Whitaker) make a deal. Powell returned to the United States to a warm bipartisan reception for his performance, and he was invited to meet with President Dwight D. In this census, all the family but Dunnon were classified as mulatto; she was classified as black, although she had been classified as mulatto in 1860 and 1870. However, his commitment to his Blackness in his political career made him popular in his community. Johnson spent much of his 20s in and out of prison, but truly made a name for himself in the 1930s when he began working for the Harlem mob boss Stephanie St. Claire, known as The Queen of Numbers. He eventually become the main enforcer for St. Claires illegal gambling business. Her salary was increased to $20,578 and she was paid until January 1967, when she was exposed and fired. They were investigating potential "theft of state funds" related to her having been on Powell Jr.'s payroll but not doing any work. Adam Clayton Powell, Jr. is also known as the first African . [43] He also was elected as a New York state Assemblyman (D-East Harlem) for three terms and had a son named Adam Clayton Powell V.[42] In 1994, and again in 2010, Adam Clayton Powell IV unsuccessfully challenged incumbent Rep. Charles B. Rangel for the Democratic nomination in his father's former congressional district. Instead, he advised that the United States should focus on the popular arts, such as sponsoring international tours of leading jazz musicians, which could draw attention to an indigenous American art form and featured musicians who often performed in mixed race bands. According to Johnsons granddaughter Margaret, Johnson did actually raise her as his own daughterlavishing her with fancy gifts throughout her childhood. [16] He developed a formidable public following in the community through his crusades for jobs and affordable housing. Its chairman was Emanuel Celler of New York and its members were James C. Corman, Claude Pepper, John Conyers, Jr., Andrew Jacobs, Jr., Arch A. Moore, Jr., Charles M. Teague, Clark MacGregor, and Vernon W. Thompson. While Godfather of Harlem does allude to Johnsons storied exploits before his 10-year prison stint, it does not go into detail. Email landlord. They had a son named Adam Clayton Powell III. As the historian Charles V. Hamilton wrote in his 1992 political biography of Powell, Here was a person who [in the 1940s] would at least 'speak out. Adam Clayton Powell, Sr. and Adam Clayton Powell, Jr. were both known for their work as pastors of Harlem's Abyssinian Baptist Church. He was also known for his skills in chess. With Johnsons guns and Malcolm Xs soldiers from the Nation of Islam, the pair take on the Genovese family to regain control of Harlem. The other black students were dismayed to discover what he had done. That congregation grew to a community of 10,000 persons. [4][6][7] By 1908, Powell Sr. had become a prominent Baptist minister, serving as a pastor in Philadelphia, and as lead pastor at a Baptist church in New Haven. J Edgar Hoover, the first director of the FBI, may not be around but his energy is present in new Black politics. [26], Powell was banned from the White House after calling President Truman's wife Bess Truman the "Last Lady of the Land" because she attended a reception for the Daughters of the American Revolution after the organization had refused to allow the black pianist Hazel Scott, Powell's wife, to perform at the DAR Constitution Hall and Truman's attendance was seen as an endorsement of this racism.[27]. Email me apartment listings, exclusive offers and other related . After graduating from Colgate University in 1930, Powell returned to Harlem, where he became an assistant pastor at Abyssinian while earning a masters degree in religious education from Columbia University (1932). Requiring poll taxes for voter registration and voting was a device used by southern states in new constitutions adopted from 1890 to 1908 to disenfranchise most blacks and many poor whites, to exclude them from politics. Among their past ministers, Adam Clayton Powell Sr. is among the most visionary. Powell and his wife . Malcolm X (Nigl Thatch), "Bumpy" Johnson (Forest Whitaker), and Rev. Powell's increasing absenteeism was observed by constituents, which contributed, in June 1970, to his defeat in the Democratic primary for reelection to his seat by Charles B. Political Clan", "History of NYC Streets: Adam Clayton Powell, Jr. Boulevard (Seventh Avenue in Harlem)", "Adam Clayton Powell, Jr. Paideia Academy", "TV Weekend; A Charismatic Congressman and the Trail He Blazed", Black, Blind, & In Charge: A Story of Visionary Leadership and Overcoming Adversity, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, United States House of Representatives biography of Powell. Later in life he easily passed as white for convenience when traveling by train in the South; he used it to gain better accommodations in the segregated railroad cars.[3][15][16]. He led the church to move to Harlem to replant the congregation amid neighborhoods changing rapidly with the influx of African Americans moving into the city as part of the great migration in the early 20th century. The amendments content was eventually incorporated into the Civil Rights Act of 1964. By 1969 Powell, who had also been suffering from cancer, seemed on the verge of retirement. In 1964, the Powell amendment was signed into law in the 1964 Civil Rights Act. [7] Sally never identified the father of Adam Clayton Powell Sr., born in 1865. Claude Pepper was strongly in favor of recommending that Powell not be seated at all, while John Conyers, Jr., the only African American Representative on the Select Committee felt that any punishment beyond severe censure was inappropriate. Finding his neighborhood in disarray, Johnson immediately steps back into mobster mode and must face up against Vincente Chin Gigante. Adam Clayton Powell Jr. (November 29, 1908 April 4, 1972)[1] was an American Baptist pastor and politician who represented the Harlem neighborhood of New York City in the United States House of Representatives from 1945 until 1971. He sued in Powell v. McCormack to retain his seat. His leadership of the congregation through the early 20th century made him one of the most powerful men in Harlem. Both his mother and Powell married mulatto spouses, a former slave and a daughter of former slaves, respectively. In 1958, he survived a determined effort by the Tammany Hall Democratic Party machine in New York to oust him in the primary election. He was elected to the New York City Council in 1991 in a special election and served for two. He was a man of the cloth and a civil rights leader, but Powell's reputation for flamboyance . Congressman Gary Franks November 11 2013 Adam Clayton Powell The life of the former Congressman Adam Clayton Powell resembles everything that I want to be as a potential elected official.By examining Congressman Powell's life I have started to realize that he was a true representative of the citizens he was voted in by. [13] (Note: Both Llewellyn and Powell are names associated primarily with Wales and England rather than Germany.). In 1967, the House voted to exclude him from Congress due to his conduct, a decision ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court two years later. [53] It garnered three NAACP Image Award nominations for Outstanding Television Movie, Outstanding Actor in a Television Movie (Lennix), and Outstanding Actress in a TV Movie (Williams). "[35], The select committee found that Powell met residency requirements for Congressional representatives under the Constitution, but that Powell had asserted an unconstitutional immunity from earlier rulings against him in criminal cases tried in the New York State Supreme Court. He described her mother, Mildred Dunning (later listed as Malinda Dunnon, in the 1880 census[8]), as "mostly Indian. In 1961, Powell became chairman of the Committee on Education and Labor. The white Congressmen and Senators controlled all the seats allocated for the total population in the southern states, had established seniority, and commanded many important committee chairs in the House and Senate.[22][29]. [25] He was the first black Congressman elected from New York State. An astute businessman known as "Mr. Civil Rights," he represented Harlem for twenty-four years in the House of Representatives. A series of hearings on Powell's misconduct had been held by the 89th Congress in December 1966 that produced the evidence that the House Democratic Caucus cited in taking this action. His leadership of the congregation through the early 20th century made him one of the most powerful men in Harlem. Check out 2 bed Furnished Address 1966 Adam Clayton. [9] In the year of his son's birth in New Haven, Powell Sr. was called as the pastor of the Abyssinian Baptist Church in the Harlem neighborhood of New York City. 2 bed Furnished Address 1966 Adam Clayton 1966 Adam Clayton Powell Jr Blvd, New York, NY 10026, USA Price: $2695 . He died there on April 4, 1972, at the age of 63, from acute prostatitis, according to contemporary newspaper accounts. The classification was done by the census enumerator. )[19] The Powells had two children: Blanche F. Powell (b. [37] But he did not take his seat, as he was filing a separate suit. Powell urged his supporters to "keep the faith, baby," while the investigation was underway. In 1950, in collaboration with the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, he put forward a legislative rider barring federal funds from segregated institutions. Malcolm X. Malcolm X (Nigl Thatch) approaches Johnson to help him clean up the streets after the Italian mob has inundated Harlem with heroin. Before 1920, Blanche married Clarence D. King, who had migrated to New York from Virginia, and the young couple lived with her parents for a time in the city. University Press of Kentucky. He led the church for decades through major expansion, including fundraising for and the construction of an addition to accommodate the increased membership of the congregation during the years of the Great Migration, as many African Americans moved north from the South. Gigante died in federal prison in 2005. In 1942 he founded People's Voice, a newspaper designed for "a progressive African American audience, and it educated and enlightened readers on everything from local gatherings and events to U.S. civil rights issues to the political and economic struggles of the peoples of Africa. Over the years, Johnson expanded to the narcotics trade and was eventually crowned the kingpin of Harlem. Academy Award winner Forest Whitaker stars as Harlem gangster "Bumpy" Johnson. 20th September 1993: General Colin Powell testifying before a Senate committee on his appointment as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Adam Clayton Powell Jr. (Giancarlo Esposito). This committee's inquiry centered on the following issues: "1. Mr. Powell's age, citizenship, and inhabitancy [sic]; 2. But the love story is a fabricationin real-life Gigante had five children with his wife Olympia, starting with his eldest son Andrew, born in 1956. He was an African American community activist, author, and the father of Congressman Adam Clayton Powell Jr. Born into poverty in southwestern Virginia, Powell worked to put himself through school and Wayland Seminary, where he was ordained in 1892. Before Barack Obama, Colin Powell, and Martin Luther King, Jr., there was Adam Clayton Powell, Jr. -- the most celebrated and controversial black politician of his generation. [2][4] This was in the Piedmont, above the Fall Line of the Roanoke River. Listen to GHOGH with Jamarlin Martin | Episode 72: Jamarlin Martin Part 2. Magazines, Digital Although Powell and Martin Luther King were initially supportive of one anothers work, King lost trust in Powell in 1960, after the congressman threatened to lie to the press about Kings friendship with his advisor Bayard Rustin. They had a son, whom they named Adam Clayton Powell Diago, using the mother's surname as a second surname, according to Hispanic tradition. The last years of Powells career came with much controversy. 1908; d. 1972). In this position, he presided over federal social programs for minimum wage and Medicaid (established later under Johnson); he expanded the minimum wage to include retail workers; and worked for equal pay for women; he supported education and training for the deaf, nursing education, and vocational training; he led legislation for standards for wages and work hours; as well as for aid for elementary and secondary education, and school libraries. Powell headed theDont Buy Where You Cant Workcampaign, which succeeded in opening up jobs to African Americans at New York stores, utility companies, and city buses. [11] After returning to New York, Powell began his graduate work and in 1931 earned an M.A. [7] In 1867, Sally Dunning married Anthony Bush, a mulatto freedman. [53] The film debuted on February 17, 2002, on premium cable network Showtime. erend Adam Clayton Powell, Sr., and Reverend Martin Luther King, Sr., were assertive, protective parents. In 1970 he lost a close reelection bid to Charles Rangel. Powell and his family members were classified as mulatto in the censuses until 1920. Powell was in attendance only on the first day of these hearings, February 8. In 1941, he became the first Black person elected to New Yorks city council. "[35], Hearings of the Select House Committee to investigate Rep. Adam Clayton Powell were held over three days in February 1967. Powell's parents married in West Virginia, where they met. [citation needed], With this influence, Powell suggested to the State Department that the current manner of competing with the Soviet Union in the realm of fine arts such as international symphony orchestra and ballet company tours was ineffective. He was the 65th United States Secretary of State, serving under U.S. President George W. Bush from 2001 to 2005, the first African American to serve in that position. [44][45][46][47], In April 1972, Powell became gravely ill and was flown to a Miami hospital from his home in Bimini. In Godfather of Harlem, Vincent Chin Gigante (Vincent Donofrio) is Johnsons main antagonist upon his return from prisonconstantly undermining Johnsons attempts to regain control of Harlem. In 1937, Powell Jr. inherited the congregation from his father and continued its legacy of social and political action. Gigante has long been considered one of New York Citys most infamous mobsters. He attended Yale Divinity School (18951896) and earned a D.D. And he is not, despite what you may have read recently, running for the United States Congress. Bob Fitch photography archive, Stanford University Libraries. Adam Clayton Powell IV is the son of the former Congressman and his third wife, Yvette Diago. A US representative from New York (1945-1967 and 1969-1971), he was an outspoken advocate of civil rights. Powells influential career was undermined by scandal, including allegations of tax evasion and misuse of government funds. He encouraged local residents to shop only where blacks were also hired to work. [8], Powell Sr. had worked his way out of poverty and through Wayland Seminary, a historically black college, and postgraduate study at Yale University and Virginia Theological Seminary. On the show, Malcolm X is a popular public figure in Harlem who preaches the self-sufficiency taught in Islam, motivated by the deterioration of a neighborhood that has succumbed to drug addiction. His mother Sally Dunning (18421848? Powell was also willing to act independently; in 1956, he broke party ranks and supported President Dwight D. Eisenhower for re-election, saying the civil rights plank in the Democratic Party platform was too weak. "On bill after bill that proposed federal expenditures, Powell would offer 'our customary amendment', requiring that federal funds be denied to any jurisdiction that maintained segregation; Liberals would be embarrassed, Southern politicians angered. Houghton Mifflin, 476 pages, $24.95. Denzel Washingtons character in the movie, Frank Lucas, was a close associate of Johnsons who took over after his friends death. Former Secretary of State Colin Powell speaks during a reception celebrating the completion of U.S. Adam Clayton Powell was a Baptist minister, and New York City's first black councilman - and he was already married. Picking up where he left off, he once again reigned until his death in 1968 at the age of 62, of heart failure while eating at the neighborhoods Wells Restaurant. These are 10 things to know about the congressman. Yes, I agree. There is also no proof that Clay and Johnson ever met, although it was more than likely the Harlem mob boss was had a front-row sear at the historic 1963 fight in Madison Square Garden to support the New York-born Jones. Powell divorced his wife, and married Hazel five days later. Adam Clayton Powell Sr. identified as black in the South and in his life. Former Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and former Secretary of State Colin Powell arrives to pay his respects at the casket of the late former President George H.W. "From Different Liberal Perspectives: Fiorello H. La Guardia, Adam Clayton Powell Jr., and Civil Rights in New York City, 19411943. Johnson also provided Malcolm X with protection when he parted ways with leaders of the Nation of Islam in 1964but Malcolm X told Johnson it was not good for his image for the two to be associated with one another and Johnson removed his guards. Adam Clayton Powell Jr. as a student at Colgate, circa 1930. [42], In 1967, a U.S. Congressional committee subpoenaed Yvette Diago, the former third wife of Powell Jr. and the mother of Adam Clayton Powell IV. In Godfather of Harlem, Johnson adjusts to life as a free man while simultaneously attempting to regain control of his turf, which has been overtaken by the Italian Genovese crime familyled by Vincente Gigante, played in the series by Vincent Donofrio. Following an investigation of Powells conduct, in 1967 the House voted not to seat him. In the Democratic primary in 1970, Charles Rangel, a black New York Assemblyman and former Powell supporter, narrowly defeated Powell. He fought for black rights in Harlem for decades, organizing protests and supporting legislation that supported civil rights, but he was also known for his shadier dealings and bombastic personality, which tarnished his reputation. Two weeks, later Malcolm X was assassinated by fellow members of the Nation of Islam. He was given the nickname Bumpy as a young boy due to a bump on the back of his head. [10], J. Daniel Pezzoni, a preservation consultant, noted in 1995 there was a local tradition linking Powell's family to Llewellyn Powell, a white planter, who had property 10 miles away at Hale's Ford, but there was no documentary evidence for this. Secretary of State Colin Powell stands with President George W. Bush. I have always vigorously defended you against your most severe critics,King wrote Powell in response. at Virginia Union University (1904). [4][10] [22][23][24], Powell was active in a variety of educational institutions and community organizations; he was among the founders of the National Urban League; a trustee of Virginia Union University, Downington Industrial and Agricultural School in Pennsylvania, which operated until 1993; the National Training School for Women and Girls in Washington, DC; and the White Rose Industrial Home in New York, all historically black colleges and schools. Secretary of State Colin Powell listens as President Bush speaks on trade promotion authority at the Department of State. [4] He attended Townsend Harris High School, then studied at City College of New York before starting at Colgate University as a freshman. After serving in churches in Philadelphia and New Haven, Connecticut, Powell was called as pastor to Abyssinian Baptist, where he served from 1908 to 1936. Although the rider did not pass, Powell reintroduced the legislation so many times that it became known as the Powell Amendment. Among those Powell influenced was a young . Because of some of his European ancestry, Adam was born with hazel eyes, light skin and blond hair, such that he could pass for white. Rustin, one of King's political advisers, was an openly gay man.
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