[10] Jerome A. Greene, The Guns of Independence: The Siege of Yorktown, 1781 (New York: Savas Beatie, 2005), 198; Harold L. Peterson, Round Shot and Rammers (Harrisburg: Stackpole Books, 1969), 66; The Writings of George Washington from the Original Manuscript Sources 1745-1799, John C. Fitzpatrick, ed., (Washington: US Government Printing Office, 1937), 177-178; Orderly Books for Col. John Lambs Second Regiment of Continental Artillery, New Jersey & New York, John Lamb Papers, New York Historical Society, New York, NY, entries for October 9-16, 1781; RWPAs S8403 for Edward Elley, S38039 for Thomas Hood, S8731 for Claiborne Howard, and S17593 for George Moore. I was hoping to hear more about the 14th colony, of Vermont, as they were very much a part of, JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION 2018. Feverishly working night and day, soldiers of the combined forces employ spades and axes to create a perimeter line of trenches that will trap the British. This series is arranged in three chronological segments (18601879, 18801891, and 18921900), and thereunder alphabetically by the vessel name. Rank On October 18, 1781, the British army surrendered at Yorktown. The Battle of Yorktown was the last great battle of the American Revolutionary War. Within each category the records are arranged as follows: U.S., Sons of the American Revolution Membership Applications, 1889-1970, U.S., Revolutionary War Pension and Bounty-Land Warrant Application Files, 1800-1900, Provided in association with National Archives and Records Administration. We will keep fighting for all libraries - stand with us! Knox assigned Lafayette one company each from the 2nd and 3rd Continental Artillery Regiments under Capt. $179.99 Add to Favorites . One of the most beautiful courses in Virginia, the run is entirely on the Yorktown Battlefield tour roads, with scenic views of woods, meadows, fields and creeks. Their attempts prove futile. Oct . Private As the work on the parallels continues, the British attempt to disrupt Allied operations by using what little artillery they have left. The Battle of Yorktown marks the collapse of the British war efforts. [5], Washington had ordered Maj. Gen.Marquis de Lafayette to take 1,200 Continentals from the army in New York to Virginia in February 1781 to oppose British forces then threatening that state, instructing Lafayette to confer with General Knox concerning needed artillery support. Proclaimed traitors to the US 1778. On the American side, George Washington touches off the first cannon to commence their assault. An official form of the United States government. "Oh God, it is all over!" These details were comprised of members of all four artillery regiments and the three auxiliary units, with the artillerymen providing approximately half of each detail. [18] Tilden, Extracts from the Journal of Lieutenant John Bell Tilden, 61; Minutes of Occurrences respecting the Seige (sic) and Capture of York in Virginia, extracted from the Journal of Colonel Jonathan Trumbull, Secretary to the General, 1781, Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society 14 (1875-76): 336; Henry Lee, Memoirs of the War in the Southern Department of the United States (Washington: Peter Force, 1827), 360, 365; Benjamin Franklin Stevens, ed., The Campaign in Virginia 1781: An Exact Reprint of Six Rare Pamphlets on the Clinton-Cornwallis Controversy (London, 1888), II:205; Howard C. Rice, Jr., and Anne S.K. James Moore The Siege of Yorktown was the culminating act of the Yorktown campaign, a series of military operations occupying much of 1781 during the American Revolutionary War. The Allied armies marched hundreds of miles from their headquarters north of New York City to Yorktown, making theirs the largest troop movement of the American Revolution. Why did the French send troops to aid the Continental Army in the War for Independence? Volunteers.It was taken while they were prisoners after the Present Specifying only 160 militiamen suggests that Knox had determined he needed a total of 420 auxiliaries, since there were plenty of militiamen available to him at Yorktown. Oct . Battle of Springfield; Battle of Yorktown. see also my Artillery at Yorktown: A Statistical Overview (Part 2 of 2) The Brigade Dispatch. Lambs second-in-command was Lt. Col. Ebenezer Stevens and for the southern campaign Knox augmented the regiments staff with Maj. Sebastian Bauman, then commanding the artillery at West Point. 9 and No. Required fields are marked *. [7], The original commander of the 4th Continental Artillery Regiment, Col. Thomas Proctor, had resigned in April so Knox appointed as his replacement the 1st Regiments Lieutenant Colonel Carrington, then serving as Deputy Quartermaster General for Maj. Gen. Nathanael Greenes Army. That morning, a lone British drummer boy, beating parley and British officer waving a white handkerchief tied to the end of a sword are seen on a parapet at the forward position of the British lines. Every two days each pair of officers switched assignments between the batteries and the park. Aerial. They could strike a decisive blow to the British in New York City or aim for the south, in Yorktown, Virginia, where Gen. Charles Lord Cornwalliss troops were garrisoned. [10], In comparison to the resources available to Knox, the French Army at Yorktown included 600 artillerymen under the command of fifty-one-year-old Lt. Col. Francois Marie dAboville to manage their installation of perhaps thirty-eight guns. See an An Overview of Records at the National Archives Relating to Military . militia employed in the summer and autumn of 1777 to oppose the British invasion at Brandywine and on the flanks at the battle of Germantown, though in neither case did they actually see action. Alex Collins A-024. Following the Battle at Yorktown and Cornwalliss surrenderand the British down one-third of its forcethe British Parliament, in March 1782, passed a resolution calling for the nation to end the war. pp. Sick at F For nearly a week the artillery barrage is ceaseless, shattering whatever nerve the British have remaining and punching holes in British defenses. The siege of Charleston in May 1780 was one of the worst American defeats of the Revolutionary War. died Oct. 29, 1781 The number of pieces of French ordnance deployed at Yorktown is difficult to determine with complete confidence. Great article about the Yorktown artillerymen . Ibid. The musters are bound together in annual volumes for each regiment and are held in the War Office (WO) series, listed below. July 3, 1780: Oneidas attacked by Indians and Tories. The first entry for a recruit in a muster book usually gives his age, place of enlistment and trade. Cowpens, in its part in the Revolution, was a surprising victory and a turning point that changed the psychology of the entire war. [12], Most of the artillery had been hauled from Trebells Landing across the peninsula six miles to the artillery park by October 6 allowing Knoxs men to concentrate on completing the batteries and moving guns and mortars into them. Private This engagement further weakened British attempts to wrest the southern colonies from American control. Portions of these and perhaps other companies, serving under Captain Coleman, reported to General Knox when he arrived in Williamsburg in September. . Sick at F Name v3.0, Household troops, cavalry, guards, regular infantry, special regiments and corps, colonial troops, foreign legions and regiments, and regimental, brigade and other depots, From 1816 to 1856, the musters are principally of the Royal Corps of Sappers and Miners, and list only NCOs and other ranks. Box 210 Yorktown, VA 23690 Phone: 757 898-2410 Contact Us By October 17 most of the British artillery facing the allied forces had been silenced and Cornwallis had taken nearly 500 casualties. The siege of Yorktown, also known as the Battle of Yorktown, the surrender at Yorktown, or the German battle because of the presence of Germans in all three armies, began September 28, 1781 and ended on October 19, 1781, in Yorktown, Virginia. The French commander was a respected officer named Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau. Cornwalliss position is untenable as the Franco-American alliance has artillery on three of his sides, with additional new pieces positioned in redoubts #9 and #10 after their fall. Revolutionary War Records, Correspondence, 1765-1830 (33 folders) Revolutionary War Records, Council of Safety, 1775-1776 (4 folders) Revolutionary War Records, General Assembly, 1776 (2 folders) Revolutionary War Records, Loyalist Records, 1775-1783 (10 folders) Revolutionary War Records, Military Records, 1775-1908 (41 folders) Box 3 This database is a collection of records kept by the National Archives listing men who fought for the colonies in the American Revolutionary War. Oct . Stop the Largest Rezoning in Orange County History. on the Internet. Access to Military Service and Pension Records. This muster roll is from 1782 a year after the Battle of Yorktown Virginia. Provided by Touchpoints Contact Info Mailing Address: Colonial National Historical Park - Yorktown Battlefield P.O. Italso cemented Washingtons reputation as a great leader and eventual election as first president of the United States. Absent Why 10Washington ordered the use of bayonets, rather than pounding them slowly into submission with cannon, writes Ron Chernow in Alexander Hamilton. Gershom Mott was in hospital at Albany and Capt. Sick at F Nov. 7, 1781 By mid-September 1781, Washington and Rochambeau arrived in Williamsburg, Virginia, 13 miles from the tobacco port of Yorktown, where Cornwalliss men had built a defense of 10 small forts (a.k.a. September 21, 1781, GLC02437.01186, and A General Return of the American Artillery & Stores Appropriated thereto with the Army in Virginia Sept 22, 1781, GLC02437.01187, GLI; Revolutionary War Pension Application W9944 for William Madison, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, DC, Record Group 15, Records of the Veterans Administration, microfilm publication M804, Fold3.com website, accessed January 15, 2015 (location cited hereafter as RWPA). Private It is all over. On March 5, 1782, Parliament passes a bill authorizing the government to make peace with America. After the British had been escorted away towards prisoner of war camps, the artillerymen loaded the siege guns and supplies on transports for return up the Chesapeake Bay. In support of this theory see Greene, The Guns of Independence, 184, 203, 271, 275, 379-380 and John Muller, A Treatise of Artillery (London: John Millan, 1768), 152-153, 204-205. [17] Report of the stores expended in the Grand Battery Octo 15 1781 under the command of Capt. Oct . 1-11. Washington also prepared false papers discussing attack plans on Clinton, and let these papers fall into British hands.. To speed up the siege of the two redoubtsFrench troops were to take redoubt No. Althause is my The Battle of Yorktown proved to be the decisive engagement of the American Revolution. Your email address will not be published. [1] Robert Selig, The March to Victory: Washington, Rochambeau, and the Yorktown Campaign of 1781, CMH Pub. Discovery is a catalogue of archival records across the UK and beyond, from which you can search 32 million records. Of his 400 infantrymen, Hamilton lost just nine in the attack, with some 30 wounded, while the 400 French-led troops lost 27 men, with 109 wounded, according to Fleming. or Yorktown. But plans changed. At that time, Britain possessed one of the best armies in the world. 19, 1781 To more easily find your ancestor in this collection, you'll need to know the state and military unit. Montgomery, Thomas Lynch. France was a longtime foe of Britain and still thirsting for revenge after their defeat by the Crown in the Seven Years War. I've attached Muster Roll of John Althause's Company of New When news of Cornwalliss surrender reaches London on November 25, the Prime Minister, Lord North, declares, Oh God. October 11. It was obvious that the Americans needed a big victory if they were to convince the peace conference in Europe that they had a right to demand independence for all thirteen colonies, writes Thomas Fleming in his book,Yorktown. The successful siege allowed the allies to complete the second parallel trench and snuffed out the last remains of resistance among the British. In a final effort on October 16, Cornwallis attempted a nighttime sea evacuation, but he was stopped by a storm. The first entry for a recruit in a muster book usually gives his age, place of enlistment and trade. Their daily rate of fire averaged 686 rounds varying from a low of about 240 to a high of over 1,600; American gunners hurled over one hundred tons of metal at the British during the bombardment. General Lord Cornwallis surrendering his sword and his army to General George Washington and the Continental and French armies after the final battle of the Revolutionary War on October 19, 1781 in Yorktown, Virginia. died Oct. 21, 1781 Knox brought together the four elements described above in a Corps of Artillery at Yorktown. Oct . You can search this index by using the search template above. The heavy cannons pounded the British mercilessly, and by October 11 had knocked out most of the British guns, the Army Heritage Center Foundation states. Analysis of the Legion Muster Rolls. With few resources at hand, the Americans knew they would need to engage an ally if they were to sustain a fight for independence. Francis Bilas The British, in hostile territory, held only a few coastal areas in America. The 1st Maryland Regiment under William Smallwood was held in reserve. [19] Daily Reports by Field Officers of the Batteries, GLC02437.01228, 01229 and 01232, and Invoice of stores on the lines October 19th 1781, GLC02437.01242, GLI; Howard H. Peckham, The Toll of Independence (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1974), 92. The 1st Continental Artillery Regiment, raised in Virginia and commanded by Col. Charles Harrison, had marched from New York in April 1780 to the support of Gen. Benjamin Lincoln, whose force was under siege at Charleston, South Carolina. 19, 1781 Revolutionary War Rolls, 1775-1783; Microfilm Publication M246, 138 rolls; NAID: 602384; War Department Collection of Revolutionary War Records, Record Group 93; The National Archives in Washington, D.C. You may also need to know the relevant regimental district numbers, a key to which can be found in the record summary of WO 16. Harrisons second-in-command was the versatile and capable Lt. Col. Edward Carrington. A stunning example of military prowess and skilled leadership, the Battle of Cowpens near Chesnee, South Carolina, was a critical American victory in the Revolutionary War. Search New Jersey Revolutionary War Rolls, . Private Oct . In 1779, despite Louis support, the Continental Army, was still struggling. Sergt. [3] It accompanied the artillery and supplies brought from New York on the march south through New Jersey to Trenton. The number of unexploded shells out of the 2,178 fired by American gunners is unknown so any such problem cannot be quantified. It is so dramatic, in fact, that playwright and composer Lin-Manuel Miranda wrote his own version of the fictional tune to cap the Battle of Yorktown scene in his Broadway hit Hamilton. Yorktown was attacked twice at Midway. These additional 420 auxiliaries joined Knoxs men who were encamped at the Artillery Park, bringing his total strength to about 800. Niagara Falls Assortment, 1 Box. But historians have said it cannot be true. Every purchase supports the mission. Roseman Knox rotated this duty among the company officers of all four Continental artillery regiments. The Legion Muster Rolls from February 23, 1781 through February 23, 1782 listed the names of a large number of enlisted members as being a prisoner as of January 17, 1781 (the date of the Cowpens battle) or as of February 23, 1781 (the date of the first muster roll prepared after the battle). William Stevens provided support to the infantry by advancing six 3-pounders, though the attackers were successful without that support. Benj. [11], A detail of artillerymen was appointed each day to work during daylight hours in the artillery parks laboratory where ammunition was prepared for delivery to the batteries. Cornwallis stated after the siege that all our guns on the left were silenced, our works much damaged, and our loss of men considerable. Following the siege French gunners praised their American counterparts, as did Lt. Gen. Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, Comte de Rochambeau and his generals. Capt. You can browse these by regiment. bunna@archive.org Death Finds a Way: A Janie Riley Mystery by Lorine McGinnis Schulze, Organize Your Genealogy in Evernote in 10 Easy Steps, Immigration (Ships Passenger Lists, Naturalization, etc), From Van Valkenburg to Vollick: The Loyalist Isaac Van Valkenburg aka Vollick and his Vollick & Follick Children. Mustor (muster) books and pay lists: General series: Cavalry (Swift, 1984), Amanda Bevan, Tracing your Ancestors in the The National Archives (The National Archives, 2006), J Gibson and M Medlycott, Militia lists and musters, 1757-1876: a directory of holdings in the British Isles (Federation of Family History Societies, 2004), William Spencer, Army Records: A guide for family historians (The National Archives, 2008), William Spencer, Records of the Militia and Volunteer Forces 1757-1945 (Public Record Office, 1997), For quick pointersTuesday to Saturday These men cleaned shot, made cartridges, and proved and filled shells. Hence it was with a certain element of understatement that Knoxs thanks to his men asserted that the skill of his artillery had brought home to our enemies that the officers of the American Artillery have acquired a respectable portion of knowledge in the profession.[21]. They, along with pay lists, were effectively the main everyday service records kept by the army of men in active service. All guns fell silentCornwallis had surrendered. 19, 1781 1-86-NARA-NARA or 1-866-272-6272, National Archives Building in Washington, DC, National Archives at College Park, Maryland, Know Your Records: U.S. Navy Muster Rolls and Personnel Diaries, How to File a FOIA Request for Archival Records. Records of some soldiers children may be found among the papers of the Duke of Yorks School and the Royal Hibernian School in WO 143, from 1801. A-030. To browse this image set, select from the options below. Stay up-to-date on our FREE educational resources & professional development opportunities, all designed to support your work teaching American history. Private It is important to view the image of the original record as additional information about the individual will likely be listed. Search the history of over 806 billion The Childers reforms of 1881 (a process which began with the Cardwell reforms of the 1870s) led to major changes within infantry (foot) regiments: The arrangement of WO 16 reflects the re-organisation of the army following the Cardwell-Childers reforms. The 450 officers and 5,300 men of Rochambeaus Expeditionary Forces landed off the coast of Rhode Island in July 1780. The Royal Navy, attempting to sail up the Bay to Cornwallis, is met by French warships at the mouth of the Chesapeake. Please note, a small selection of muster rolls and pay lists from WO 12 are available online via Ancestry (). Join us online July 24-26! [16] Orderly Books for Col. John Lambs Second Regiment, New York Historical Society, entries for October 8-12, 1781; Daily Reports by Field Officers of the Batteries, GLC02437.01218, 01219, 01222, 01226, 01227, 01228, 01229, 01232, and 01234, GLI; Adrian B. Caruana, British Artillery Ammunition 1780 (Alexandria Bay, NY: Museum Restoration Service, 1979), 20-21. Knox testified to the importance of this work through his complaint about the quality of the shells which had been cast by Pennsylvania ironworks, compared with those from a New Jersey supplier; workers in the laboratory did essential duty in proof-testing the shells and sending the batteries only good ammunition. Prime Minister Frederick North exclaimed upon hearing of the Yorktown surrender, writes Alan Taylor in American Revolutions: A Continental History, 1750-1804. Don't miss my book on the Loyalist Isaac Vollick (aka Van Valkenburg). Various Naval Actions, 1776-1782. . Sick at F They marched for days to meet up with Gen. Washingtons troops in New York, where they were to attack the British stronghold in New York City. After nightfall on October 14, the allies fired several consecutive shells in the air that brilliantly illuminated the sky, Chernow writes. Battle Of Yorktown 4-1, 1 Box. Private John Nicols Althause's Company of New York Volunteers [20] Reynolds, Virginia State and Continental Regiments, 346-347; Christopher L. Ward, The Delaware Continentals 1776-1783 (Cranbury, NJ: The Scholars Bookshelf, 2005), 473; David Cobb, Diary of General David Cobb, Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society 19 (1881-1882): 70; Sims, Military Career of John Lamb, 210-212; Gen. Knox to Col. Lamb, November 2, 1781, GLC02437.01280, GLI. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! We place some essential cookies on your device to make this website work. Oct . York Sick at F Lancaster 24 April 1782 In the fall of 1781, the British occupy Yorktown, where Cornwallis intends to refit and resupply his 9,000-man army. We strive for accuracy and fairness. [9], Knox undoubtedly knew before he left New York that he would not have trained gunners sufficient for the number of pieces of siege artillery he planned to take to Yorktown, and this muster provided confirmation. . The 100 Best American Revolution Books of All Time, Reaction to the 1775 Gunpowder Episode by the Independent Company of Albemarle County, Colonel Lewis Nicola: Soldier, Scientist and Man of Letters (part 2), Richard Gridley: A Nearly Forgotten Patriot, David Wooster Kept the Men at Quebec: Giving Credit to a Much-Maligned General, Signals and Pilots: Cooperating with the French Fleet, 1778, This Week on Dispatches: Stuart Lyall Manson on Securing Provisions for American Loyalists in the Upper Saint Lawrence, Sons of Britannia: New Yorks Triumvirate from Colony to Revolution, This Week on Dispatches: Mike Matheny on Remembering Horatio Gates, How Pennsylvania Counties Paid Their Taxes to Congress, Detachment of the 1st Continental Artillery Regiment 44, Entire 2nd Continental Artillery Regiment 242, Detachment of the 3rd Continental Artillery Regiment 25, Detachment of the 4th Continental Artillery Regiment 71. $99.99 Add to Favorites . The Siege of Yorktown began subsequent to the movement of about fifty thousand American and French soldiers and sailors to eastern Virginia, twenty-eight thousand sailors and marines in the French blockade fleet and twenty-two thousand American and French soldiers surrounding the British Army on land. However, Denny observed the shells did not burst, as was expected, inferring a problem with fuses. The detachment of the 1st Continental Artillery remained in Virginia, while that of the 4th Continental Artillery joined Gen. Nathanael Greenes Army in the Carolinas. Private Later, it is said that the British band played the tune The Worlds Turned Upside Down during the surrender at Yorktownan apocryphal story that has become part of American folklore. Blindfolded and brought inside American lines, the British officer secures terms of surrender for the British Army. URL: http://olivetreegenealogy.com/ Pennsylvania Archives, Fifth Series (1906), Vol. Siege and Surrender of Yorktown, Sept.-Oct., 1781. General Knox ordered Colonel Lamb to take charge of transporting the artillery and supplies, including captured pieces, to Philadelphia and the 2nd Continental Artillery accompanied the guns there before going into winter quarters at Burlington, New Jersey. Sick at F In the summer of 1780, 5,500 French troops, with Comte de Rochambeau at the helm, landed in Newport, Rhode Island to aid the Americans. Updated: October 18, 2021 | Original: November 9, 2009. The British surrender forecast the end of British rule in the colonies and the birth of a new nationthe United States of America. Muster Rolls, 2nd Continental Artillery Regiment, September 1781, found at fold3.com, accessed January 15, 2017. The American Battlefield Trust and our members have saved more than 56,000 acres in 25 states! After a series of October battles, Burgoyne found himself surrounded by Gates' men and surrendered on October 17. Aerial. Althause Jr. 19, 1781 They have to be taken by force. Note that "F" is for Fredericksburg British redoubts #9 and #10 prevent the second parallel from extending to the river and the British are still able to reinforce the garrisons inside the redoubts. South Carolina | Jan 17, 1781. [6], Washington next ordered Brig. John Althause and John Ludwig De Beck and John 2. Muster Roll Search the online database of people who served at Valley Forge. Analysis of the Muster Rolls. The legend about the British singing a popular tune called The World Turned Upside Down originated 30 years after the war in Alexander GardensAnecdotes of the American Revolution2ndseries (Charleston, 1828), p. 18. 19, 1781 During the siege numerous American observers recorded that their cannonade resulted in a reduction or cessation of British fire and provided various descriptions of the damage it inflicted. At that point, Hamilton and his men rallied from their trenches and sprinted across a quarter-mile of field with fixed bayonets. Colonial National Historical Park - Yorktown Battlefield P.O. At that time, musicians played in the regiment in which they enlisted, not in a large massed band. [13] Henry P. Johnston, The Yorktown Campaign and the Surrender of Cornwallis 1781 (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1881), 174; William Feltman, The Journal of Lieut. [21] Knoxs Brigade Orders, The Magazine of American History 6: 51. Lowdermilk & Co., 1893), 140, 160. [20], The American gunners who served at the Siege of Yorktown participated in the longest, most intense, and most decisive artillery engagement of the Revolutionary War. Prior to General Greene's command, the war in the South had not . These give a description of each soldier, his age, place of birth, trade and service, and are in WO 25/266-688, which can be searched by regiment in our catalogue. 19, 1781 Roster of Patriot Soldiers at the Battles of Ninety Six (1775 & 1781) Roster : Roster of South Carolina Patriots in the American Revolution by Bobby G. Moss Patriots : Patriots at Cowpens by Bobby G Moss Papers : see files in blue folders- copies of pension, etc Savannah : From Savannah to Yorktown by Henry Lumpkin present The 1st Regiment did not reach Charleston before Lincoln surrendered the city to the British, so it joined the Southern Army under Gen. Horatio Gates (and later, Gen. Nathanael Greene) and served in the Carolinas. Donald McNeal Joseph Savage of the former regiment. George Hunter Starting at the historic Surrender Field, the course is mostly flat with a some . 19, 1781 Forty percent of the American rounds fired were from mortars and howitzers, accounting for nearly seventy percent of the weight of metal fired. The mission was a success, with the King agreeing to send muskets, mortars, gunpowder, and cash to America. Regimental musters, from the early 18th century onwards, were taken every month or quarter (frequency varied over the years) for pay and accounting purposes. Muster rolls and pay lists contain soldiers: From 1868 to 1883 there may be quarterly lists which contain details of men becoming non-effective. Knoxs order for ricochet firing may account for many of the unexploded shells since fuses could have been damaged or torn out from ground contact before the shells exploded.
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