Cookies are only used in the browser to improve user experience. We don't save this data. however the speed of sound is different in different liquids. Velocity is vector quantity with direction. The equation for the speed of sound in air v = \(\sqrt{\frac{\gamma RT}{M}}\) can be simplified to give the equation for the speed of sound in air as a function of absolute temperature: \[\begin{split} v & = \sqrt{\frac{\gamma RT}{M}} \\ & = \sqrt{\frac{\gamma RT}{M} \left(\dfrac{273\; K}{273\; K}\right)} = \sqrt{\frac{(273\; K) \gamma R}{M}} \sqrt{\frac{T}{273\; K}} \\ & \approx 331\; m/s \sqrt{\frac{T}{273\; K}} \ldotp \end{split}\], One of the more important properties of sound is that its speed is nearly independent of the frequency. It is stated that sound will travel through the water at The speed of sound in gases is related to the average speed of particles in the gas. Note the sound speed minimum at 1000 meters. There's no reason to expect an electromagnetic wave that requires no medium to behave the same as a mechanical wave that does require a medium. Just as light waves will refract towards a region of higher refractive index, sound waves will refract towards a region where their speed is reduced. for the increased density and the speed of sound through iron is about 14 times faster than through air. Check out our modulation calculator for info on how waves carry information. This dampens the vibrations so speed increases and amplitude decreases and then speed decreases again but the amplitude doesn't change. This method uses a powder to make the nodes and antinodes visible to the human eye. The acoustic velocity is related to the change in pressure and density of the substance and can be expressed as, c = (dp / d)1/2 (1), The acoustic velocity can alternatively be expressed with Hook's Law as, c = (K / )1/2 (2). The speed if sound in fresh water at 20 degree Celsuis is1482m/s. The speed of sound in a solid the depends on the Youngs modulus of the medium and the density, \[v = \sqrt{\frac{Y}{\rho}} \ldotp \label{17.5}\], In an ideal gas (see The Kinetic Theory of Gases), the equation for the speed of sound is, \[v = \sqrt{\frac{\gamma RT_{K}}{M}}, \label{17.6}\]. In sonar research and acoustical oceanography, the speed of sound in water is crucial. Calculate the wavelengths of sounds at the extremes of the audible range, 20 and 20,000 Hz, in 30.0 C air. Google use cookies for serving our ads and handling visitor statistics. The time between the P- and S-waves is routinely used to determine the distance to their source, the epicenter of the earthquake. The extra density means that the molecules accelerate more slowly for a given force, which slows the compression wave down. Isn't it not density which makes the speed of sound faster ? . The speed of sound in a solid the depends on the Young's modulus of the medium and the density, v = Y . m/s. The speed of sound at 20 degrees Celsius is about 343 meters per second, but the speed of sound The speed of sound calculator displays the speed of sound in water; it's 4672 ft/s. Remember that you can always change the units of speed of sound: mph, ft/s, m/s, km/h, even to knots if you wish to. Velocity is vector quantity with direction. The two are coupled through a fluctuating electric field. Sound, like all waves, travels at a certain speed and has the properties of frequency and wavelength. Table \(\PageIndex{1}\) shows that the speed of sound varies greatly in different media. Ultrasound waves also have applications in therapeutic procedures, and cancer therapy is one of the more promising areas. The density equals the number of moles times the molar mass divided by the volume, so the volume is equal to V = \(\frac{nM}{\rho}\). Recall that. The difference between the speed of light and the speed of sound can also be experienced during an electrical storm. We don't save this data. The formula for the speed of sound in ideal gases is: Substituting the values for air, we have the simplified formula for the speed of sound in m/s: Did you notice something interesting? In general, the equation for the speed of a mechanical wave in a medium depends on the square root of the restoring force, or the elastic property, divided by the inertial property, \[v = \sqrt{\frac{\text{elastic property}}{\text{inertial property}}} \ldotp\]. faster through hotter air compared to colder air. 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethaneR113 (53. Carbon tetrachloride (Tetrachloromethane) (25. In a given medium under fixed conditions, \(v\) is constant, so there is a relationship between \(f\) and \(\lambda\); the higher the frequency, the smaller the wavelength (Figure \(\PageIndex{7}\)). Sound is an example of a mechanical wave, and other examples include ripples on the water's surface, seismic shear waves, and water waves. The result should be. While sound moves at a much faster speed in the water than in air , the distance that sound waves travel is primarily dependent upon ocean temperature and pressure. Below the minimum, sound speed increases again, as the effect of increasing pressure overcomes the effect of decreasing temperature (right). The net force on the volume of fluid (Figure \(\PageIndex{6}\)) equals the sum of the forces on the left face and the right face: \[\begin{split} F_{net} & = p\; dy\; dz - (p + dp)\; dy\; dz \ & = p\; dy\; dz\; - p\; dy\; dz - dp\; dy\; dz \\ & = -dp\; dy\; dz \\ ma & = -dp\; dy\; dz \ldotp \end{split}\], The acceleration is the force divided by the mass and the mass is equal to the density times the volume, m = \(\rho\)V = \(\rho\) dx dy dz. [11] This is in reasonable agreement with csolid,p measured experimentally at 5,930 m/s for a (possibly different) type of steel. As shown above, the approximate value 1000/3 = 333.33 m/s is exact a little below 5C and is a good approximation for all "usual" outside temperatures (in temperate climates, at least), hence the usual rule of thumb to determine how far lightning has struck: count the seconds from the start of the lightning flash to the start of the corresponding roll of thunder and divide by 3: the result is the distance in kilometers to the nearest point of the lightning bolt. For a given medium, sound waves travel more slowly at lower temperatures. Only emails and answers are saved in our archive. Speed of sound in some gases at zero degrees Celsius and atmospheric pressure. Speed of sound in semiconductor solids can be very sensitive to the amount of electronic dopant in them. These two factors are taken into account with this formula. The number of moles and the molar mass are constant and can be absorbed into the constant p \(\left(\dfrac{1}{\rho}\right)^{\gamma}\) = constant. a material is more massive it has more inertia and The speed is proportional to the square root of the absolute temperature, giving an increase of about 0.6 m/s per degree Celsius. The bulk modulus of granite is greater than its shear modulus. Google use cookies for serving our ads and handling visitor statistics. This means that if you were to place one ear on a railroad In fresh water, sound travels at about 1481 m/s at 20C (see the External Links section below for online calculators). The more dense the medium, the slower the sound wave There isn't a straightforward formula for finding the speed of sound in water. Density is important in This gives the 9% difference, and would be a typical ratio for speeds of sound at room temperature in helium vs. deuterium, each with a molecular weight of 4. Add standard and customized parametric components - like flange beams, lumbers, piping, stairs and more - to your Sketchup model with the Engineering ToolBox - SketchUp Extension - enabled for use with the amazing, fun and free SketchUp Make and SketchUp Pro .Add the Engineering ToolBox extension to your SketchUp from the SketchUp Pro Sketchup Extension Warehouse! For air, \(\gamma\) = 1.40. If you want to promote your products or services in the Engineering ToolBox - please use Google Adwords. Whereas large instruments, such as trombones, produce long-wavelength sound. Because the product of \(f\) multiplied by \(\lambda\) equals a constant, the smaller \(f\) is, the larger \(\lambda\) must be, and vice versa. Temperature affects the qualities of water and steel.The speed of sound in Sea water at 25 degrees Celsius is 1530 m/sec. At altitude, for reasons explained, Mach number is a function of temperature. The speed of sound in freshwater at 20 degrees Celsius is 1482 m/s. This would tend to make We know that sound energy can travel through gases and solids. 1) Based on temperature 25oC 1 m/s = 3.6 km/h = 196.85 ft/min = 3.28 ft/s = 2.237 mph Note that speed is a scalar quantity. Mach number, a useful quantity in aerodynamics, is the ratio of air speed to the local speed of sound. The frequency is the same as that of the source and is the number of waves that pass a point per unit time. Anyway, you don't have to bother with calculating the speed of sound on your own. You can observe direct evidence of the speed of sound while watching a fireworks display (Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\)). Note that v refers to the speed of the coherent propagation of a disturbance (the wave), whereas \(v_{rms}\) describes the speeds of particles in random directions. Speed of sound for some gases at 0oC and atmospheric pressure: Note that speed is a scalar quantity. This page titled 17.3: Speed of Sound is shared under a CC BY 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by OpenStax via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon request. Does density matter? For this reason, the pitch of a musical wind instrument increases as its temperature increases. This method uses the following idea. Modern stopwatches enable this method to be used today over distances as short as 200400 metres, and not needing something as loud as a shotgun. Well, our speed of sound in solids calculator can help you calculate it. other in water than in air. an idea of how massive a certain portion of The speed of sound can change when sound travels from one medium to another, but the frequency usually remains the same. Does sound travel faster in water? Note that in this example we have assumed that temperature is low enough that heat capacities are not influenced by molecular vibration (see heat capacity). This makes sense because if The speed of sound in liquid water at 8 C (46 F) is about 1,439 metres (4,721 feet) per second. Iron is definitely more 20 degrees Celsius faster than water at 80 degrees. The speed of sound in air (or in other gases) can be expressed as. A parcel of air is a small volume of air with imaginary boundaries (Figure \(\PageIndex{5}\)). Explain why this is so. The speed of sound is raised by humidity. Nevertheless, the formula for seawater is even more complex as the speed of sound is also changing with the salinity. Many authors derived equations from experimental data, but the equations are complicated, and they always contain higher-order polynomials and plenty of coefficients. Sensor size is proportional to wavelength. We can also watch the speed of sound of a repeating simple harmonic wave. Capital B is called the bulk Direct link to VeryDifficult's post This has more to do with , Posted 7 years ago. Calculating the Speed of Sound in Water There is no easy or accurate way of calculating the speed of sound in water. Mechanical waves are classified into three groups, depending on the direction of the periodic motion relative to the movement of the wave: Longitudinal waves are the most relevant in our daily lives as they are present a long as a fluid acts as the propagation medium. The humidity of air also has an effect on the speed of sound, but the influence is so small that it can be neglected. In general, the more rigid (or less compressible) the medium, the faster the speed of sound. Please read AddThis Privacy for more information. The speed of sound at 20 degrees Celsius is about 343 meters per second, but the speed of sound at zero degrees Celsius is only about 331 meters per second. Assuming the air temperature of 20 C, the speed of sound is: You can derive these results by applying the formula c_air = 331.3 (1 + T/273.15), where T = 20C. For an ideal gas the speed of sound is proportional to the square root of the absolute temperature. However because of how some gets reflected in the solid which makes the molecules in the solid vibrate against each other more it produces heat instead of an echo. Note that speed is a scalar quantity. I thought the more numerous of molecules per metre cubic will "help" waves propagate.. Stiff, rigid materials This has more to do with the interaction of macroscopic mechanical properties of the material being considered. If you want to promote your products or services in the Engineering ToolBox - please use Google Adwords. At 0C , the speed of sound is 331 m/s, whereas at 20.0 C, it is 343 m/s, less than a 4% increase. You can target the Engineering ToolBox by using AdWords Managed Placements. v ms = velocity of sound (m/s) t C = temperature . So you can hear what is going on next door to your house because of how the sound passes through room temperature air and then their walls and then outside temperature air and then your walls and then room temperature air again and into your ears. If a sound source and two microphones are arranged in a straight line, with the sound source at one end, then the following can be measured: In these methods, the time measurement has been replaced by a measurement of the inverse of time (frequency). In this system it is the case that the pipe can be brought to resonance if the length of the air column in the pipe is equal to (1 + 2n)/4 where n is an integer. therefore it's more sluggish to changes in movement or oscillations. AddThis use cookies for handling links to social media. The bulk modulus has units of pascals because it's measuring how The speed of sound in air at 20 o C (293.15 K) and absolute pressure 1 bar can be calculated as. Air is almost an ideal gas. For air, \(\gamma\) = 1.4, M = 0.02897 kg/mol, and R = 8.31 J/mol K. If the temperature is TC = 20 C (T = 293 K), the speed of sound is v = 343 m/s. Now I didn't get one thing what's the difference between rigidity and density ? Water is about 15,000 times less compressible than air, but it is also 800 times denser. rigid and stiff than air so it has a much larger Google use cookies for serving our ads and handling visitor statistics. Direct link to samarthingalagavi's post Isn't it not density whic, Posted 6 years ago. Sponsored Links Assuming the water temperature of 20 C, the speed of sound is: Estimate the fluid pressure drop across a pipe using the Darcy Weisbach calculator. This downwind refraction effect occurs because there is a wind gradient; the fact that sound is carried along by the wind is not important. [22], The speed of sound for pressure waves in stiff materials such as metals is sometimes given for "long rods" of the material in question, in which the speed is easier to measure. If the air can be considered an ideal gas, we can use the ideal gas law: \[\begin{split} pV & = nRT = \frac{m}{M} RT \\ p & = \frac{m}{V} \frac{RT}{M} = \rho \frac{RT}{M} \ldotp \end{split}\], \[\frac{dp}{d \rho} = \frac{\gamma p}{\rho} = \frac{\gamma \left(\rho \frac{RT}{M}\right)}{\rho} = \frac{\gamma RT}{M} \ldotp\], Since the speed of sound is equal to v = \(\sqrt{\frac{dp}{d \rho}}\), the speed is equal to, \[v = \sqrt{\frac{\gamma RT}{M}} \ldotp\]. Direct link to pragyachik's post What exactly is the Bulk', Posted 8 years ago. Please explain how echoes are formed - and how the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection and why only sometimes you can hear echoes and sometimes you can't. [14], For sound propagation, the exponential variation of wind speed with height can be defined as follows:[15], In the 1862 American Civil War Battle of Iuka, an acoustic shadow, believed to have been enhanced by a northeast wind, kept two divisions of Union soldiers out of the battle,[16] because they could not hear the sounds of battle only 10 km (six miles) downwind. The simplest concept is the measurement made using two microphones and a fast recording device such as a digital storage scope. So any disturbance gets Air is almost an ideal gas. The P-wave gets progressively farther ahead of the S-wave as they travel through Earths crust. Add standard and customized parametric components - like flange beams, lumbers, piping, stairs and more - to your Sketchup model with the Engineering ToolBox - SketchUp Extension - enabled for use with the amazing, fun and free SketchUp Make and SketchUp Pro .Add the Engineering ToolBox extension to your SketchUp from the SketchUp Pro Sketchup Extension Warehouse! The density, temperature, and velocity on one side of the volume of the fluid are given as \(\rho\), T, v, and on the other side are \(\rho\) + d\(\rho\), \(T + dT\), \(v + dv\). So water's high density partly offsets its extreme incompressibility and sound travels at 1,493m/s, about four times faster than . Velocity is vector quantity with direction. [25][26] Other factors affecting the speed of sound are minor. I have a= square root of (K/p) I'm coming up with 1485 m/s. Some of our calculators and applications let you save application data to your local computer. For anisentropic process the ideal gas law can be used and the speed of sound can be expressed as, = (k R T)1/2 (3), k = ratio of specific heats (adiabatic index), R =individual gas constant (J/kg K, ft lb/slug oR). Add standard and customized parametric components - like flange beams, lumbers, piping, stairs and more - to your Sketchup model with the Engineering ToolBox - SketchUp Extension - enabled for use with the amazing, fun and free SketchUp Make and SketchUp Pro .Add the Engineering ToolBox extension to your SketchUp from the SketchUp Pro Sketchup Extension Warehouse! As stated earlier, the speed of sound in a medium depends on the medium and the state of the medium. The effect of impurities can be significant when making high-precision measurements. I, Posted 6 years ago. We don't collect information from our users. By far, the most important factor influencing the speed of sound in air is temperature. Note that speed is a scalar quantity. The most common value is 1,482 m/s for a temperature of 20 degrees-Celsius. [12] Higher values of wind gradient will refract sound downward toward the surface in the downwind direction,[13] eliminating the acoustic shadow on the downwind side. The continuity equation from Fluid Mechanics states that the mass flow rate into a volume has to equal the mass flow rate out of the volume, \[\rho_{in} A_{in}v_{in} = \rho_{out} A_{out}v_{out}.\]. Here's what this means", Calculation: Speed of Sound in Air and the Temperature, Speed of sound: Temperature Matters, Not Air Pressure, Properties of the U.S. Standard Atmosphere 1976, How to Measure the Speed of Sound in a Laboratory, Acoustic Properties of Various Materials Including the Speed of Sound, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Speed_of_sound&oldid=1152025113, The time of arrival between the signals (delay) reaching the different microphones (, This page was last edited on 27 April 2023, at 18:15. Thus, it is reasonable that the speed of sound in air and other gases should depend on the square root of temperature. This is because the molecules are closer to each Now that you know the equation of frequency of sound waves and speed of sound let's look at some exciting aspects of frequency, typical values of the speed of sound, and how to find a sound frequency and wavelength using the calculator. Some of our calculators and applications let you save application data to your local computer. This is similar to the frequency of a wave on a string being equal to the frequency of the force oscillating the string. [23] Applications of underwater sound can be found in sonar, acoustic communication and acoustical oceanography. Project Mogul successfully used this effect to detect a nuclear explosion at a considerable distance. Taking the natural logarithm of both sides yields ln p \(\gamma\) ln \(\rho\) = constant. In a fluid, the only non-zero stiffness is to volumetric deformation (a fluid does not sustain shear forces). To log in and use all the features of Khan Academy, please enable JavaScript in your browser. I don't know how to go about trying to work this out (this isn't a homework question) A process where heat is not added or removed from the system is known as an adiabatic system. Direct link to Anna's post Some of it gets reflected, Posted 8 years ago. Nevertheless, frequencies outside the human range are present in our daily lives, both in nature and technology. This observation is analogous to the fact that the frequency of simple harmonic motion is directly proportional to the stiffness of the oscillating object as measured by k, the spring constant. Depth (pressure) 1km = 17 m/s. Suppose that high-frequency sounds traveled fasterthen the farther you were from the band, the more the sound from the low-pitch instruments would lag that from the high-pitch ones. Choose the section you need the speed of sound in water or air. What am I doing wrong. Please read AddThis Privacy for more information. like metal would have a large bulk modulus. Air is pretty close to an ideal gas so the speed only depends on the temperature (which in turn affects pressure and density, but as stated before, they cancel out). To determine the speed of sound in air, follow these steps: The speed of sound increases as the air temperature increases. During the process of compression and expansion of the gas, no heat is added or removed from the system. Speed of Sound in Water - imperial units (BG units). Hence, it is possible to generate sound waves with different velocities dependent Because liquids and solids are relatively rigid and very difficult to compress, the speed of sound in such media is generally greater than in gases. The speed of sound in air (or in other gases) can be expressed as, k = ratio of specific heats (adiabatic index, isentropic expansion factor), R = 286.9 (J/kg K) = 1,716 (ft lb/slug oR) =individual gas constant specific for air. You see the flash of an explosion well before you hear its sound and possibly feel the pressure wave, implying both that sound travels at a finite speed and that it is much slower than light. In a fluid, the speed of sound depends on the bulk modulus and the density, \[v = \sqrt{\frac{B}{\rho}} \ldotp \label{17.4}\]. One is the stiffness of the Is there a formula? Dependence on the properties of the medium, Altitude variation and implications for atmospheric acoustics. speed of the sound wave through that medium. The calculators below can be used to estimate the speed of sound in air at temperatures close to 273.15 K (0oC, 32oF). The speed of sound calculator displays the speed of sound in water; it's 4672 ft/s. Aircraft flight instruments, however, operate using pressure differential to compute Mach number, not temperature. is about 343 m/s. In general, at the same molecular mass, monatomic gases have slightly higher speed of sound (over 9% higher) because they have a higher (5/3 = 1.66) than diatomics do (7/5 = 1.4). Pick the temperature unit. The calculators below can be used to estimate the speed of sound in air at . These applications will - due to browser restrictions - send data between your browser and our server. In non-humid air at 20 degrees Celsius, the speed of sound is about 343 meters per second or 767 miles per hour. The sound velocities of these two types of waves propagating in a homogeneous 3-dimensional solid are respectively given by[11]. To find wavelength from frequency, we can use \(v = f \lambda\). The speed of sound in water is an important parameter in sonar research and acoustical oceanography. If this independence were not true, you would certainly notice it for music played by a marching band in a football stadium, for example. Speed of Sound - Speed of sound in some gases at zero degrees Celsius and . You may have heard that if you count the number of seconds between the flash and the sound, you can estimate the distance to the source. When a sound wave strikes the targeted object, it bounces back, and with these echoes, physicians construct images of the organs. In fact, the larger bulk Did you know? We don't save this data. The attenuation which exists at sea level for high frequencies applies to successively lower frequencies as atmospheric pressure decreases, or as the mean free path increases. Well it turns out that the The speed depends on both pressure AND density but the effects cancel out, and for an ideal gas you cannot increase pressure without also increasing density (holding temperature constant). What exactly is the Bulk's modulus? If \(v\) changes and \(f\) remains the same, then the wavelength \(\lambda\) must change. Cookies are only used in the browser to improve user experience. the material would be. The distance from where the gun was fired was found by triangulation, and simple division (distance/time) provided velocity. Direct link to Rukaiya's post Now I didn't get one thin, Posted 6 years ago. What's the difference between rigidity and pressure if both of them are measured in Pascals? When sound spreads out evenly in all directions in three dimensions, the intensity drops in proportion to the inverse square of the distance. This sensitivity was crucial to the survival of our ancestors, as it allowed us to hear night predators we couldn't see. If we know the average frequency of the women's voice is 210 Hz, these would be the steps: You can also select the air as your medium, lock it, and convert our sound wavelength calculator into a sound wavelength in air calculator . Select the temperature from a drop-down list. Similarly, the wavelength of a sound wave is the distance between sequential identical parts of a wavefor example, between sequential compressions (Figure \(\PageIndex{2}\)). The speed of the wave can again be determined by the speed of the compressed regions as they travel through the medium. The experiments were done at 30C but corrected for temperature in order to report them at 0C. Temperature - Speed of sound in water at temperatures ranging 32 . You can choose between 20 different popular kitchen ingredients or directly type in the product density. c = ((2.09 10 9 N/m 2 . an iron girder is rigid because it is difficult to bend. In a fluid, the speed of sound depends on the bulk modulus and the density, v = B . Question: Speed of sound in dry air, water and iron at 20 degree celsius Google use cookies for serving our ads and handling visitor statistics. For example, let's This formula returns speed in m/s. [28][31], The speed of sound in a plasma for the common case that the electrons are hotter than the ions (but not too much hotter) is given by the formula (see here). Sound travels faster in helium than deuterium because adiabatic compression heats helium more since the helium molecules can store heat energy from compression only in translation, but not rotation. density of the air decreases. Does the formula mentioned in this video have a title? properties of the medium that sound wave is traveling through. The speed of sound in a fluid depends on a measure of resistance to compression called bulk modulus (BBB) and its density (): In solids, the speed of sound relationship is similar and depends on a measure of tensile or compressive stiffness called Young's modulus (EEE) and its density: In both cases, the more resistant the material is, the greater the speed of sound, and the denser the material is, the lower the speed. increases the speed of the waves traveling in the water increases AddThis use cookies for handling links to social media. The result was 331.45 0.01 m/s for dry air at STP, for frequencies from 93 Hz to 1,500 Hz. Only emails and answers are saved in our archive. However, you see the other shell for several milliseconds before you hear the explosion. Why is it so that light, an electromagnetic transverse wave slows down in denser medium but sound, a mechanical transverse wave travels faster in a denser medium?? My t, Posted 7 years ago. The statement, when the frequency of the source of a water wave For example, if we wanted to calculate the frequency of a wave, we would rearrange the equation to obtain the frequency of sound formula: Finally, if you want to know how to calculate the speed of sound with frequency and wavelength, this is the formula: Are you further interested in sound speed? https://www.khanacademy.org/computer-programming/light-reflection-and-refraction/5872552844722176, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_of_sound#Speed_of_sound_in_ideal_gases_and_air, http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/sound/souspe3.html. Water - Speed of Sound vs. Although we believe we can hear all the sounds emitted by elephants, most of the sounds produced by these animals are low-frequency noises below 20 Hz, known as infrasound. Lastly, by making many observations, using a range of different distances, the inaccuracy of the half-second pendulum could be averaged out, giving his final estimate of the speed of sound. Keep reading if you want to learn more exciting aspects about sound waves, how to find the wavelength of sound, and how to calculate the speed of sound with frequency and wavelength. A disturbance introduced in some point of a substance - solid or fluid - will propagate through the substance as a wave with a finite velocity. In science and technology, we can also use ultrasound for imaging processes in non-destructive testing procedures, such as acoustic microscopy.
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