As the editor decided where to place this account, he faced a narrative problem. After enumerating Nabal's enormous wealth in flocks (1 Sam 25:2), the narrative introduces her in contrast to him. deserts of Africa, Asia, and Arabia in search of a city whose builder and Ibid. 25:2 She bore him Zimran, Jokshan, Medan, Midian, Ishbak, and Shuah. Gen. 25:6 relates that Abraham sent the sons of Keturah away from Isaac eastward, to the land of the East. He told them: Go as far eastward as you can, so you will not be burnt by the burning coal of Isaac (Gen. Rabbah 61:7). 25:4 The descendants of Midian were Ephah, Epher, Enoch, Abida, and Eldaah. Its stated purpose was to "revise and codify the nationality laws of the United States into a comprehensive nationality code." The law established the conditions necessary to meet for one to acquire U.S. citizenship through the nature of one's birth (known as . Even so, as children of Abraham, they were most certainly blessed and to some degree spiritual heirs of his sanctity. Before moving on, it should be mentioned that Keturah is called Abrahams concubine, not his full wife (Genesis 25:6, I Chronicles 1:32). Surely what He wants in His world will happen. And so it happened that after Abrahams death, God revealed Himself to Isaac and blessed him, as his father had intended to do (Gen. Rabbah 61:6). 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God then instructed Abraham to take Hagar and Ishmael to the desert and leave them there. Chronicles, a late biblical book that knows and integrates traditions from the Torah and other earlier material now found in the Tanakh, resolves this problem by calling Keturah a concubine from the start: , The sons of Keturah, Abrahams concubine (1 Chr 1:32). A popular old reference Bible calls Ishmael "the progenitor of the Arabs" and goes on to say that Muhammad "came from the line of Ishmael." . Why saidst thou, She is my menservants, and maidservants, and she asses, and camels. General Editor. Keturah, on the other hand, was not a slave; she was a free woman. Hagar soon bore Ishmael, who was the first son of Abraham. Bibliography Information Orr, James, M.A., D.D. Copyright 2011-2023 Got Questions Ministries - All Rights Reserved. /z/zimran.htm - 8k, Jokshan (3 Occurrences) Easton's Bible Dictionary Snarer, the second son of Abraham and Keturah (Genesis 25:2, 3; 1 Chronicles 1:32). According to the Biblical tradition, he contracted this second marriage after the death of Sarah (compare Genesis 23), and very likely after the marriage of Isaac (compare Genesis 24). In a similar way, Keturah provides a matriarchal bridge between the Israelites and several neighboring tribes. What did Abraham mean by marrying Keturah after Sarah's death? Abrahams affair with his African handmaiden led to an entire race > Shemitic people take pride in their males lineage and ignore Genesis and First Chronicles also list seven of her grandsons (Sheba, Dedan, Ephah, Epher, Hanoch, Abida, and Eldaah). On a superficial level, The Birth of a Nation is a love story concerning the two families. A son One of the sons of Midian, who was Abraham's son by Keturah (Genesis 25:4). Her nationality is Ethiopian as she was the mother of Sheba and the Medians whose descendant, Jethro,or Ragu'el or Reu'el the Ethiopian priest of Median begot a daughter, Zipporah, who, in the Scriptures, was referred to as the Ethiopian wife of Moses. All these were the children of Keturah. With her extremely jealous reaction to Hagar and Ishmael, would Sarah really have countenanced another rival? Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary - Keturah, International Standard Bible Encyclopedia - Keturah. Rabbi Zev Farber Source critical scholars suggest that verses 14 and 56 represent two different units. Hence Amos, ch. A son of Jokshan, Abraham's son by Keturah (1 Chronicles 1:32). TheTorah.com is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization.We rely on the support of readers like you. This pattern is especially clear in the Table of Nations in Genesis 10, which explains geographical proximity and ethnic similarity through family relationships.[7]. ), suggests that the primary purpose of these verses is to associate the names that follow with Abraham. the ramifications of this story in all its facets not just the notable ones. Modern day 47:19), then . "Keturah, Hiram and Aquila"and thou and I, Momus. (from Aramaic teni) "to hand down orally," "study," "teach." In addition, in the days to come Abraham will be ashamed of Ishmael and the offspring of Keturah, as portrayed in Isa. That year was a Sabbatical year, and Israel enjoyed the fruits of the abandoned fields (BT Sanhedrin 91a). We know little about Keturah, other than her name and the names of the sons she bore to Abraham ( Genesis 25:2; 1 Chronicles 1:33 ). In 2012, he left his rabbinic post to create TheTorah.com. (2.) Shalvi/Hyman Encyclopedia of Jewish Women. According to the Judean authors Josephus and Cleodemus Malchus, Punic people were descended from Epher, grandson of Abraham and Keturah. By submitting your email address, you understand that you will receive email communications from Bible Gateway, a division of The Zondervan Corporation, 3900 Sparks Drive SE, Grand Rapids, MI 49546 USA, including commercial communications and messages from partners of Bible Gateway. Rashi, ibid. A theme in the Abraham stories is his lack of children, which is why he marries Hagar and has Ishmael. unto Sarai his wife, Behold now, I know that thou art a fair woman to look 1860.). ZIMRAN. (2.) Since Abrahams later children were not Jewish, they could descend from a mother of ordinary lineage (see Rashbam, Ramban). Have an update or correction? Ask the Rabbi According to one view, Abraham remarried after the death of Sarah and had a total of three wives: Sarah, Hagar, and Keturah. Keturah bore Abraham six sons, who were characterized by one . The biblical account is as follows: And there was a famine in the land: and Abram According to one opinion in the midrashic work Genesis Rabbah, Keturah and Hagar are names for the same person, whom Abraham remarried after initially expelling. 1860.). Even as in biblical times, Shemitic countries today Keturahs sons were said to have represented the Arab tribes who lived south and east of Israel (Genesis 25:1-6). Ishmael was born and brought up in Abrahams household. KETURAH, THE THIRD WIFE OF ABRAHAM Much has been made about young women marrying old men for their money, fame, and fortune. It is not improbable that, as some writers have suggested, this change in the life of his son prompted Abraham to remarry in order to overcome the feeling of lonesomeness caused by Isaac's entering the state of matrimony. /hebrew/4080.htm - 6k, 3435. From the Venice Haggadah of 1609. The film focuses on two families: One from the North, the Stonemans, and one from the South, the Camerons. Didnt Abraham already send Hagar away (Gen 21)? Oops! Courtesy ofWikimedia Commons. And it came to pass, Black History and its Prophecy of the Races at But instead, as the customs of the time permitted, Sarah gave her female servant Hagar to Abraham as a concubine or secondary wife. were not from Ishmaels line at all, but existed prior to Abraham, much less his [3] Rashbam and Chizkuni suggest that it is a reference to Keturah and Hagar, but this doesnt work well either. Transliteration: Qeturah Phonetic Spelling: (ket-oo-raw') Short Definition: Keturah. Zipporah was one of seven Midianite sisters that mistook Moses for an Egyptian after he saved them from the men at the well ( Exodus 2:16-19 ). Jewish Women's Archive. And the sons of Midian; Ephah, and Epher, and Hanoch, and Abida, and Eldaah. Radak deals with these problems by arguing that all of the named women who bear Abrahams childrenSarah, Hagar, and Keturahare his wives: If these three named women are wives, Radak suggests that the concubines are a separate group of women, unnamed in the Torah, who bear still more children with Abraham: Although Radaks approach recognizes and solves some of the interpretive problems, it only does so partially, as it leaves open the question of what happens to Keturahs sons, and why Abraham only sends away the sons of the concubines. ke-tu'-ra, ke-too'-ra (qeTurah; Chettoura, "incense"): The second wife of Abraham (Genesis 25:1 1 Chronicles 1:32 f). Rabbi David D. Steinberg is the co-founder and director of TheTorah.com - Project TABS. Episode 91: Israel at 75: Voices of Protest. Article Images Copyright 2023 Getty Images unless otherwise indicated. The contrary view (that Keturah was someone other than Hagar) is advocated by Rashbam, Abraham ibn Ezra, Radak, and Ramban. He said to himself: If I bless Isaac now, I will also have to bless the children of Ishmael and of Keturah; but if I do not bless them, how will I be able to bless Isaac? pt:Quetura Genesis 17:19. Word Origin from the same as madon Definition a son of Abraham and Keturah, also his desc. Yoqshan. Abraham and Keturah had six sons. He is called "the Shuhite," probably as belonging to Shuah, a district in Arabia, in which Shuah, the sixth son of Abraham by Keturah, settled ( Genesis 25:2).He took part in each of the three controversies into which Job's friends entered with him ( Job 8:1; 18:1; 25:1), and delivered three speeches, very severe and stern in their tone . Egyptians claim their lineage is Shemitic through Ishmael, Abrahams What may not be immediately obvious to the modern reader is that the name Keturah demonstrates a very high level of governance and social sophistication, namely the idea that a healthy society is not healthy because the government suppresses what it perceives as bad or supports what is perceives as good, but rather because the government endows all elements with enough safety that none needs to be scared, enough food that none needs to be hungry, and enough wealth that none needs to feel stifled, stunted or duped. Wikimedia. After sending her and Ishmael out of the house (21:14), he sent back for her as she remained righteous all throughout the years. Religion Wiki is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. to misuse Sarah for his pleasure. View Site [2] Rashi and Rabbi Menachem bar Shlomo (Midrash Sekhel Tov) ad loc., actually claim that the term concubines is singular, but this seems indefensible. A maidservant like Hagar? B. XIV. Praises to Saint Gerard Majella are often said by those who seek the intercession of his saintly majesty to address specific issues or general blessings. [4] Radak continues by explaining why this wouldnt matter to Abraham: [5] He is playing off of Genesis 26:35, with regard to Esaus Hittite wives. However, it seems apparent that the two of them were monogamous and that she did not bear him any children until after Sarah's death. [3] Keturah was the mother of six sons, representing Arabian tribes south and east of Canaan, so that through the offspring of Keturah Abraham became "the father of many nations" including the Ethiopians. Why Does God Compare Our Relationship with Him to That of a Bride and Groom? Abraham and his beautiful wife Sarai wandered the Transliteration: Yishbaq Phonetic Spelling: (yish-bawk') Short Definition: Ishbak. First, whether the spelling is defective or plene should make no difference in meaning. The name Keturah comes from the verb (qatar) meaning to produce pleasant smoke: The verb (qatar) probably originally meant to rise up but came to denote the rising up of sacrificial smoke, which in turn commonly marked celebrations and surplus, and smelled pleasant after roasts or incense. Others believe that this opinion in the Midrash should not be taken literally and Keturah was a different woman, no doubt much younger. 3436 . 31 December 1999. If they defeat me, then say: You have bested the commoner among us; and if I defeat them, tell them: The Torah of our teacher Moses has defeated you. They authorized him, and he went and disputed with the offspring of Keturah and of Ishmael. Here a redaction-critical solution seems best. All of Keturahs sons were the heads of nations (Gen. Rabbah 61:5). [6] Richard Elliot Friedman (The Bible with Sources Revealed [Harper Collins, 2003]) sees verses 14 as coming from E and verses 56 as redactional. [5][6][7] This interpretation is set forth in the Midrash[8] and is supported by Rashi, Gur Aryeh, Keli Yakar, and Obadiah of Bertinoro. unto Sarai his wife, Behold now, Beset by plagues, this Hamitic king sent First Chronicles 1:32 refers to Keturah as Abraham's concubine, so there is some debate as to the exact nature of their relationship. "Keturah: Midrash and Aggadah." An additional explanation gives this word the meaning of binding or sealing (keshurah). ( Genesis 25:1 ; 1Chronicles 1:32 ) (B.C. The Children of Keturah as the Realization of Gods Blessing to Abraham, The Offspring of Keturah as a Constant Threat to Israel. me for thy sake; and my soul shall live because of thee. Once Sarah has her child, the narrative is occupied with describing her jealousy against Ishmael, the son of Abrahams other wife, Hagar. All these were the sons of Keturah. Before moving on, it should be mentioned that Keturah is called Abraham's concubine, not his full wife (Genesis 25:6, I Chronicles 1:32). Kadari, Tamar. cousins. from Hebrew University in Jewish History (biblical period), as well as ordination (yoreh yoreh) and advanced ordination (yadin yadin) from Yeshivat Chovevei Torah (YCT) Rabbinical School. Noun (miqtar) describes a place of sacrificial smoke, (miqteret) means censer and (meqattera) means incense altar. Does anyone know where the Ark of the Covenant is today? She was perfumed (mekuteret) with commandments and good deeds (Gen. Rabbah 61:4); she was (through her good deeds) more savory (mekuteret) than all manner of spices (Pirkei de-Rabbi Eliezer [ed. This is done by introducing another wife This is not to be understood biographically. In other words, the biblical authors use the description of a marriage with Abraham to connect certain tribes with Abraham (Midianites, Dedanites, etc.). remarkable, for she was in her mid 60s and late 80s when these events The name Keturah is girl's name of Hebrew origin meaning "incense". The Birth of a Nation, landmark silent film starring Lillian Gish, released in 1915, that was the first blockbuster Hollywood hit. God again intervened. Launched Shavuot 5773 / 2013 | Copyright Project TABS, All Rights Reserved, script type="text/javascript"> ), Furthermore, one of Abrahams children was Midian, presumably the progenitor of the nation of Midian. The Torah introduces Keturah as an , wife (Gen 25:1), and yet the same passage also refers to Abrahams concubines and their children: Who are these concubines? was very fair. | GotQuestions.org. were not from Ishmaels line at all, but existed prior to Abraham, much less his See also, Aaron Demsky, Reading Biblical Genealogies, TheTorah (2016); idem., Manassehs Genealogies: Why They Change Between Numbers, Joshua, and Chronicles, TheTorah (2019); David Ben-Gad HaCohen, Decoding the Table of Nations: Reading it as a Map, TheTorah (2015). He asked: Whence do you bring a proof for your claim? They replied: From the Torah. Gebiha ben Pesisa retorted: I, too, will bring a proof from the Torah. Keturah ( Hebrew: , Qr, possibly meaning "incense"; [1] Arabic: ) was a wife [2] and a concubine [3] of the Biblical patriarch Abraham. the lineage of the female. Letushim -- "hammered ones," descendant of Abraham and, 28. Our weekly email is chockful of interesting and relevant insights into Jewish history, food, philosophy, current events, holidays and more Dovid Rosenfeld, a native of the Washington, D.C. area, works both as a programmer for aish.com and as a responder for its Ask the Rabbi service. "William Baur, 4080. An epic about the American Civil War (1861-65) and the . went down into Egypt to sojourn there; for the famine was grievous in the land. Though the Torah describes them separately, the rabbis often identify Keturah with Hagar, who they state came back to remarry Abraham after Sarah's death. There have been quite a few revolutions and uprisings in the world, and although critics love to blame religion and differences in opinion, the main reason why people revolt is because their liberties are curtailed to the point that their lives aren't livable. Through the" "offshoots of the Keturah line Abraham became the "father of many" "nations." Subscribe to the CompellingTruth.org Newsletter: Genesis 25 records that Keturah is the wife Abraham married after his first wife Sarah died. Her name may represent the land upon which these tribes once lived, or it may be related to the word for spice or incense (ketoret), suggesting that Abraham was related to the various tribes on the Arabian peninsula and elsewhere who grew and traded aromatic spices. Do We See Any Gospel Connections in the Book of Numbers? (Genesis 25:20) So, Abraham was about 140 years old. Recall that after the Flood, Ham, the father of the black races, We encounter the usual idiom: "he added //christianbookshelf.org/leupold/exposition of genesis volume 1/chapter xxv.htm, A Prince's Bride Let Momus look to the baggage. The Rabbis describe her as a woman of virtue, for which she was worthy of being joined to Abraham. If the mention of Keturah had been placed early in the Abraham narrative, his complaints about having no heir would have been false, and there would have been no need for him to father Ishmael with Hagar. son Ishmael, but Hams. Abrahams affair with his African handmaiden led to an entire race The Rabbis describe her as a woman of virtue and for that she was worthy of being joined to that righteous one [Abraham]. 29); her deeds were as fine as incense (ketoretTanhuma, Hayyei Sarah 8). with the yod). Placing the Keturah account after the birth of Isaac but before Sarahs death would not have worked either. When God wished to give the Torah, He offered it to the children of Keturah and to the Ishmaelites, but they refused to accept it, since they could not abandon the robbery and theft on which their lives were based (Midrash Tannaim on Deut. All these were the children of Keturah. | GotQuestions.org, How many sons did Abraham have? You may unsubscribe from Bible Gateway's emails at any time. Second, in our Torah texts (and in the Samaritan Pentateuch) the spelling is, in fact, plene, as is pointed out by Chizkuni (ad loc.) > (Gen. 12:15-16) Abraham later fathered a son by one of these African maidens, Keturah Easton's Bible Dictionary - Keturah Keturah [N] [H] [S] incense, the wife of Abraham, whom he married probably after Sarah's death ( Genesis 25:1-6 ), by whom he had six sons, whom he sent away into the east country. Her sons were the ancestors of many Arabian tribes. The Rabbis present this as a lesson in proper conduct: if a mans wife dies, and he has grown children, he should first see that they are married before himself taking a new wife (Gen. Rabbah 60:16). Shuach. He holds a Ph.D. from Emory University in Jewish Religious Cultures and Hebrew Bible, an M.A. Salem Media Group. So who was Keturah? Genesis 25:1 And Abraham took another wife, and her name was Keturah/k/ketu'rah.htm - 7k, Epher (4 Occurrences) Easton's Bible Dictionary A calf. According to the Hebrew Bible, Keturah or Ketura (Hebrew: , ModernQtura TiberianQrh; "Incense") was the woman whom Abraham, the patriarch of the Israelites, married after the death of his wife, Sarah. /hebrew/4091.htm - 6k, 3370. window.location.replace(""); Standard Bible Encyclopedia. Int. NOBSE Study Bible Name List and Jones' Dictionary of Old Testament Proper Names agree: the name Keturah means Incense.. What may not be immediately obvious to the modern reader is that the name Keturah demonstrates a very high level of governance and social sophistication, namely the idea that a healthy society is not healthy because the government suppresses what it perceives as bad or . that, when Abram was come into Egypt, the Egyptians beheld the woman that she All these were the children of Keturah. The story centers on two families, the southern Camerons and the northern Stonemans. WWW.BLACKSINTHEBIBLE.NET. Abraham didnt marry Hagar. One of Abraham's sons by Keturah (Genesis 25:2; 1 Chronicles 1:32). Word Origin from shuach Definition a son of Abraham and Keturah. What we do know is that Keturah became to mother of six Abrahamic sons, one of whom, Midian, became a nation that both rivaled Israel and became one of the most dominant tributaries to its theology and social structure. [2][3] The Book of Genesis records that Abraham gave them gifts and sent them to the East, while making Isaac son of Sarah his primary heir. This is odd for two reasons. established Egypt, referred to in Psalms 105 and 106 refer to as the land of a son of Abraham and Keturah. Easton's Bible Dictionary Though the Torah describes them separately, the rabbis often identify Keturah with Hagar, who they state came back to remarry Abraham after Sarahs death. Order Blacks in the Bible Vol. Medan -- a son of Abraham and Keturah 4090, 4091. of Midyan -- a son of Abraham and Keturah, also his desc. Thus, Keturah and her children were by far secondary to Isaac and played no direct role in the story of Israel. 4092 . The Rabbis further learn from Abraham that even if a man has children while he is young, he should still take another wife in his old age and beget further offspring (Gen. Rabbah 61:3). out-of-wedlock son, but they still want to claim lineage from the Pharaohs, who Fooled by this deception, the African King took Abrahams 5. JOKSHAN. and religion that calls Abraham its father: the Arabic religion of Islam. /j/jokshan.htm - 8k, Ishbak (2 Occurrences) Easton's Bible Dictionary Leaving, one of Abraham's sons by Keturah (Genesis 25:2). do not hold females in high regard. The Ishmaelites who were settled in the north of the Arabian peninsula, the descendants of Keturah who colonised Midian and the western coast, were also his //sayce/early israel and the surrounding nations/chapter i the israelites.htm, Chapter xxv the life of Jacob and Esau. A type of non-halakhic literary activitiy of the Rabbis for interpreting non-legal material according to special principles of interpretation (hermeneutical rules). The difference between (a) selective distribution of food and merriment to one's favored customer or project and (b) unselective distribution to everyone around is the same difference between the generosity of modern philanthropy and that of God: the former "gives" only to whatever endeavor makes the giver stronger, whereas God gives to all people without discrimination (Matthew 5:45, Joel 2:28), and allows everybody to grow into whatever they can and sort their stuff out by their own authority and responsibility. It was the longest and most-profitable film then produced and the most artistically advanced film of its day. Although Abraham took Keturah as a spouse, she was never his true wife. Her ancestry is not mentioned, although she was presumably a local Canaanite. so I might have taken her to me to wife: now therefore behold thy He also serves as a volunteer writer for Torah.org. It secured both the future of feature-length films and the reception of film as a serious medium.
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